| Stiftsgymnasium Melk | |
|---|---|
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Discimus vitam
Learning for life
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| Location | |
| Melk, Lower Austria, Melk District, 3390, Austria | |
| Information | |
| School type | Gymnasium, Monastic school |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| Patron saint(s) | Coloman of Stockerau |
| Established | before 1140 |
| Status | open |
| School code | 315016 |
| Headmaster | Anton Eder |
| Teaching staff | 89 (2011/12) |
| Number of students | 909 (2011/12) |
| Classes | 37 |
| Student to teacher ratio | 10.2 |
| Language | German |
| Website | stiftsgymnasium-melk.org |
Stiftsgymnasium Melk (German: Melk Abbey's gymnasium) is an Austrian Benedictine-run gymnasium in the Lower Austria city of Melk. The Roman Catholic school is set in the well-known monastery Melk Abbey. Founded in 12th century as an monastic school, it is also the oldest Austrian school still in operation.
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The earliest documents proving the existence of a medieval monastic school at Melk Abbey are a parish register and some parchment scraps dating back to about 1140 and 1160 respectively. It is assumed that it was founded sometime in the first half of the 12th century, but it may already hung over from the monastery's establishment in 1089. In the 15th century, alongside the Melk Reform strongly influencing Austrian and Bavarian Benedictine religious life, the school flourished and gained reputation. So, for instance, in 1446 a monk called Simon wrote an education book for six-year-old King Ladislaus the Posthumous of Hungary. However, starting from around 1530 and mainly caused by the onset of the Protestant Reformation in the Habsburg Empire, the abbey suffered from a dramatic lack of personnel, and so did the school. In 1566, there were only six clergymen.
This crisis went on till the end of the 16th century, when in the wake of the Counter-Reformation more and more students from South German Jesuit Colleges attended the school. Those students, amongst them also poeta laureatus Laurentius Flenheintius, brought along very good education and raised the school's standard again. Therefore, in 1596 it was reshaped along the lines of a Jesuit College. Through this reform only the four lower classes remained in Melk, to finish school students had to do two further sessions in Vienna. In 1707, Abbot Berthold Dietmayr converted the school into a full, contemporary gymnasium.
Starting from the beginning of the 1781/82 session, the Stiftsgymnasium due to Empress Maria Theresa’s education policies was referred to as gymnasium publicum, a type of school that was "partially open to the public". In 1787, Joseph II relocated it to Sankt Pölten since he had made the city a diocesan town three years before and thus wanted it to have an "appropriate" school, too. The school then did not return to Melk until 1804. In 1811, Abbot Anton Reyberger established the school’s boarding home, which was opened November 7. Moreover, a preparatory class (praeparanda) was introduced to facilitate pupils’ transition from their small village schools to gymnasium, it persisted till 1927. In 1850, the number of classes was raised to eight and hence in 1851 the first Matura exams could take place in Melk. At that time, the school’s scientific collections were constituted and exceptionally promoted.
According to the school’s annual report of 1861 in that year there was a total enrollment of 208, including 51 boarders. As from 1873 there were secular teachers in minors, from 1879/80 those taught chief subjects as well. In 1877/78 the school was structurally extended, so, for instance, a new physics room and a new refectory were built. In 1905, the Episcopal Seminary of Melk was unclosed, where till its closure in 2006 pupils of Stiftsgymnasium were housed. In order to distinguish them from the students who lived in the boarding home situated in the monastery (germ. Konvikt) and hence were called Konviktisten those seminary pupils were known as Seminaristen.
After Austria’s incorporation into the German Reich (Anschluss) Principal Fr. Wilhelm Schier by March 13, 1938, was deposed and replaced by Nazi-affiliated Fr. Coelestin Schoiko. In late 1938 the school was closed down completely and later converted into a National Political Institute of Education (commonly known as Napola).[1]
The Stiftsgymnasium has offered an exchange program to the Saint John's Preparatory School in Collegeville, Minnesota since 1966.
The Stiftsgymnasium's alumni as well as other former students are called Altmelkers. There is an alumni association named Verein der Altmelker und Freunde (Association of Altmelkers and Friends), which furthermore awards scholarships to current students.[2]